Sonoma GPS Time Server
Free Lifetime Technical Support
We support our products for as long as you own them with FREE technical support by phone or email and free software upgrades as they become available. No maintenance contract required.
Product Documents
Product Notes
Installation Guide
White Papers
Datasheets
Product Bulletins
| 240228Feb 28, 2024 | Security Vulnerability Announcements re: c_rehash script CVE-2022-1292 CVE-2022-2068 EndRun products are not vulnerable. |
| 180606Aug 3, 2018 | February 2018 NTP Security Vulnerability Announcement |
| 180104Jan 4, 2018 | January 2018 Meltdown and Spectre Vulnerabilities |
| 170328Mar 28, 2017 | March 2017 NTP Security Vulnerability Announcement |
| 161205Dec 5, 2016 | November 2016 NTP Security Vulnerability Announcement |
| 160606Jun 6, 2016 | June 2016 NTP Security Vulnerability Announcement |
| 160321Mar 21, 2016 | GNU glibc Vulnerability to Crafted DNS Responses |
| 151026Oct 26, 2015 | October 2015 NTP Security Vulnerability Announcement |
| 150414Apr 14, 2015 | NTP Client/Peering Vulnerabilities |
| 150130Jan 30, 2015 | Linux Ghost Vulnerability |
| 141222Dec 22, 2014 | NTP Remote Query and Crypto Vulnerabilities |
| 140926Sep 26, 2014 | Linux Bash Shellshock Vulnerability |
| 140409Apr 9, 2014 | OpenSSL Heartbleed Vulnerability |
| 140110Jan 10, 2014 | NTP Monlist Vulnerability |
Field Service Bulletins
| 180427Apr 27, 2018 | GPS-Synchronized: Sonoma, Tempus LX, Unison, Meridian, Tycho, RTM3204, Tempus Gntp, Praecis Gntp, Praecis Gfr |
| 160126Jan 26, 2016 | Sonoma, Tempus LX, Unison, Meridian, Tycho |
| 151026Oct 26, 2015 | Sonoma, Tempus LX, Unison, Meridian, |
| 141222-01Dec 22, 2014 | Sonoma |
| 140926-01Sep 26, 2014 | Sonoma |
| 140110-01Jan 10, 2014 | Sonoma |
| 131216Dec 16, 2013 | Sonoma |
Leap Second Bulletins
| 170101Jan 1, 2017 | Sonoma, Meridian II, Tycho II, Tempus LX, Unison, Meridian, Tycho, Praecis |
| 160707Jul 7, 2016 | Sonoma, Meridian II, Tycho II, Tempus LX, Unison, Meridian, Tycho, Praecis |
| 150701Jul 1, 2015 | Sonoma, Tempus LX, Unison, Meridian, Tycho, Praecis |
| 150106Jan 6, 2015 | Sonoma, Tempus LX, Unison, Meridian, Tycho, Praecis |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- General
- Software Upgrades
- GPS
- Network Time Protocol (NTP)
- Precision Time Protocol (PTP)
- Command Line Interface (CLI)
- Network
I've had my unit for 1 year already, can I get an extended warranty?
As long as your unit is still under its current warranty then yes, you can purchase an extended warranty. ÌýContact EndRun Sales for information.
My product is 12 years old and out-of-warranty. Can I get it repaired?
Yes - we will try. The problem may be that we no longer have parts for the oldÌýmodels.ÌýBut, if we can still get the needed parts thenÌýwe willÌýrepair your unit and charge for time and materials.
What is the EOL on my EndRun product?
At EndRun, End-of-Life (EOL) means end of the production life cycle. We continue to provide free technicalÌýsupport (by phone or email) for as long as you own an EndRun product.Ìý In fact, we are still providing free support for products that we shipped in 2001.
How are upgrades handled and what do they cost?
Software upgrades for all our products are freely available for download from our website at:Ìýwww.endruntechnologies.com/support/software-upgrades.
Ìý
I haven't upgraded my firmware for a long time. Can I upgrade straight to the latest version without installing subsequent versions first?
Current products (Sonoma, Meridian II, Tycho II, RTM3205) can be upgraded to the latest version of firmware straight from any older version. ÌýHowever, if you have modified either /etc/profile or /etc/rc.d/rc.MÌýand yourÌýLinux Root File System (RFS) is prior to version 2.20 then please contact Support (support@endruntechnologies.com).
Legacy products (Tempus LX, Unison, Meridian, Tycho, RTM3204) can also be upgraded to the latest version of firmware straight from any older version. ÌýHowever, if your RFS is prior to version 2.60 then please read this.
Will GPS work inside?
Unlike CDMA, GPS will not work inside buildings.Ìý To receive GPS signals the antenna must have a view of the sky.Ìý The best location is on a roof-top with the antenna in view of a maximum amount of sky.Ìý However, our GPS products have the ability to operate in a single-satellite mode.Ìý This lets you avoid the trouble and expense of a rooftop installation by allowing you to mount the antenna in a window of your building with only a partial view of the sky.
Ìý
How far can I install the antenna from the GPS receiver?
The standard antenna cable length is 50 feet.Ìý If you need more we offer antenna lengths up to 250 feet without a GPS preamplifier.Ìý If you need more than 250 feet of cable then a preamp is required.Ìý You can run an additional 250 feet of cable for every preamp installed and you can have up to 3 preamps.Ìý This will allow you to run a total of 1000 feet of cable.Ìý For more information clickÌýhere.
Will my EndRun product be affected by the GPS week rollover event in April 2019?
All EndRun GPS-synchronized products with up-to-date firmware will not be affected by the April 7, 2019 rollover event.Ìý For more information, please refer to Field Service Bulletin 180427.
Ìý
Do I set my calibration delay to positive or negative to compensate for the antenna cable?
The answer is positive because there is a delay between the antenna and the receiver.
Think about it like this: The antenna receives the time data x nanoseconds before the receiver.Ìý Therefore, the receiver is behind the antenna by x nanoseconds.Ìý By entering a positive delay, the clock will be advanced x nanoseconds to compensate.
Ìý
I don't have roof-top access for a GPS antenna. What do I do?
You have two choices:
ÌýÌýÌý1.ÌýMount your GPS antenna in a window. ÌýOur GPS products have the ability to operate in a single-satellite mode which allows you to mount the antenna in a window of your building with only a partial view of the sky. ÌýSee this Window-Mount Installation Guide for details.
ÌýÌýÌý2.ÌýPurchase a CDMA-synchronized product which works very well inside buildings (assuming your area has CDMA coverage).
Ìý
What is NTP Stratum?
Stratum is a term that means different things depending on the context.Ìý In the world of NTP, stratum is defined in RFC 1305.Ìý NTP uses a hierarchical structure in which Stratum 0 is the reference clock, linked via a time signal, to a reliable source of UTC.Ìý Stratum 1 is the time server with a direct link to the reference clock.Ìý Stratum 2 is a client that receives time over a network connection from a Stratum 1 clock.Ìý Stratum 3 is a client that receives time from a Stratum 2 clock.Ìý And so on, up to Stratum 15.Ìý For more details on strata in the NTP world, clickÌýhere.
Ìý
How accurate is NTP?
Over WANs (Wide Area Networks), up to 100 milliseconds is typical.Ìý It depends on how far away the public time server is, or more specifically, how many hops between you and the server.Ìý Within a LAN (Local Area Network) using a dedicated NTP Time Server, 0.5 to 2 milliseconds is typical.Ìý The internal accuracy of the CDMA Network Time Server is on the order of 10 microseconds.Ìý It can easily keep all clients on a LAN synchronized to typically within 0.5 to 2 milliseconds.
Ìý
Where can I get NTP client software?
Client software is widely available as freeware and shareware.Ìý Setting up an NTP or SNTP client is relatively simple once you have installed the software on your workstation and communicated with the time server over the network.Ìý For a list of NTP client software click here.
Ìý
How long will the NTP Server deliver Stratum 1 performance if the signal is lost?
Exclusive EndRun oscillator-control algorithms provide extended Stratum 1 holdover performance when the unit is not locked to the synchronization signal (GPS or CDMA).Ìý Typical NTP Stratum 1 holdover periods are:
Ìý Ìý 24 hours - TCXO (standard)
Ìý Ìý 35 days - OCXO (upgrade)
Ìý Ìý 140 days - Rubidium (upgrade)
Ìý
Why do I need a time server?
When two or more computers are involved, accurate time keeping is difficult, especially if they are not in the same physical location.Ìý A dedicated time server inside your network perimeter is the most accurate, reliable and secure way to ensure accurate timekeeping for all computers on your network.Ìý Accurate timekeeping is necessary to support eBusiness and other applications such as Stock Trades, Logs, B2B Transactions, File Operations, Packet Time Stamps, Software Configuration Management, Database Accuracy, Telecommunication Call Billing, etc.Ìý For a more detailed response to this question click here.
Ìý
Why not use the time servers available over the Internet?
There are many public time servers available over the Internet.Ìý Access to these public time servers is free of charge.Ìý While public time servers are certainly less costly - accurate, reliable and secure time is best provided by a dedicated time server that resides under your control inside your network security perimeter.Ìý Using public time servers available over the Internet is not recommended for the following reasons:
1.Ìý Setting up your firewall to accept NTP packets (which is based on UDP/IP) introduces a security risk that many Network Administrators are not willing to take.
2.Ìý Time accuracy degrades because of indeterminate network latency, up to 100 milliseconds is typical.
Ìý
Is there a command to tell me the Stratum level of my NTP Server?
Yes.Ìý For current models (Sonoma, Meridian II, Tycho II, RTM3205) use Linux command:
ÌýÌýÌýntpq -c sysinfo
For legacy models use Linux command:
ÌýÌýÌýntpdc -c sysinfo
Ìý
How many clients can a time server handle?
For a detailed answer to this question click here.
Is support for NTS4NTP on your product roadmap?
Yes.Ìý NTS4NTP is in the draft standard level and when released we expect it will be integrated into the NTP distribution.Ìý The Time Servers are periodically upgraded with the latest distribution so when NTS4NTP is supported, then it will also be supported in our products.Ìý The standards process is lengthy so there is no telling when this capability will be in the NTP distribution.
Are the EndRun NTP Servers compliant with STIG ID: NET0813, Rule ID: SV-15326r5?
EndRun NTP Servers are compliant with STIG ID: NET0813,Ìý Rule ID: SV-15326r5,Ìý Vuln ID:Ìý V-14671.Ìý The time servers support a FIPS-approved message authentication code and NIST-approved HMAC algorithms.
How do I restart the NTP daemon without rebooting?
For our third generation units such as Sonoma, Meridian II, Tycho II, Ninja, RTM3205 and e-Series Distribution, run the command:
ÌýÌýÌý/etc/rc.d/rc.ntpd restart
For older models, the only way to restart the daemon is to reboot.
What is PTP?
Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is a relatively new protocol that was developed to improve the time synchronization accuracy that is obtainable over a Local Area Network (LAN).Ìý Specifications for PTP are defined in the IEEE-1588 standard.Ìý In PTP terminology, the Grandmaster is the distributor of accurate time and the Slave is the receiver of this time.Ìý The Slave synchronizes itself to the Grandmaster.
The most common network timekeeping protocol is the Network Time Protocol (NTP).Ìý In NTP terminology, the Server is the distributor of accurate time and the Client is the receiver of this time.Ìý The Client synchronizes itself to the Server.
With NTP you can get client synchronization accuracies in the millisecond range.Ìý With PTP you can get slave synchronization accuracies in the nanosecond or microsecond range.Ìý Synchronization accuracy depends not just on the PTP Grandmaster, but also on the network topology such as switch and slave hardware.
Ìý
What is the accuracy of EndRun's PTP?
Products listed below can be configured as a IEEE-1588/PTP Grandmaster Clock.Ìý Here are the timestamp resolution and accuracy specifications:
| Model | Timestamp Resolution | Timestamp Accuracy to UTC (RMS) |
| Sonoma (GPS) Network Time Server |
8 nanoseconds | 30 nanoseconds |
| Sonoma (CDMA) Network Time Server |
8 nanoseconds | 10 microseconds (typical) |
| Meridian II Precision TimeBase |
8 nanoseconds | 10 nanoseconds |
| Tycho II Precision TimeBase |
8 nanoseconds | 25 nanoseconds |
Ìý
I want to put my Grandmaster on one subnet, with my servers and workstations on another subnet. How will that work?
The Grandmaster user interface allows you to modify the TTL Value (time-to-live value) in order to accomplish this.Ìý You will also need to modify the TTL Value on your PTP Slave.
Ìý
What is the difference between PTP hardware and software timestamping?
The main difference is in the synchronization accuracy that can be achieved.Ìý With software timestamping as typically implemented (software-only approach), you can see slave synchronization accuracies between 10 and 100 microseconds.Ìý You can achieve this level of accuracy with commonly used network hardware such as standard switches, and computers withÌýsoftware PTP slaves.
With hardware timestamping as implemented on a Sonoma it is possible to achieve time synchronization accuracies of 30 nanoseconds with an 8 nanosecond resolution.Ìý However, in order to get this level of accuracy, both the Grandmaster and the Slave must be capable of hardware timestamping.Ìý This means you will need to purchase specialized hardware to install in each Slave.Ìý In addition, network switches must configured as transparent clocks or boundary clocks.Ìý
Ìý
Can PTP operate over a wide area network (WAN)?
PTP Version 2 has been designed to span over a WAN.Ìý However, performance is dependent on the network configuration.Ìý For example, a network switch would need to be configured as a transparent clock or boundary clock in order to realize the superior synchronization capability.Ìý Otherwise, synchronization of PTP becomes equivalent to NTP.
Ìý
Can PTP be installed in the field?
Yes.Ìý All Sonoma, Meridian, Tycho II, Tempus LX, and Unison Time Servers are capable of operating PTP.Ìý PTP is a relatively low-cost option that can be installed by you at any time.Ìý All that is needed from you is the Ethernet address (MAC) and we can supply a software key and instructions for turning on PTP.Ìý For older products, you may need to upgrade your software first.
Ìý
Where can I get PTP Slave software?
The Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is a relatively new protocol (compared with NTP).Ìý As such, there are fewer options available for you to use for PTP Slave software.Ìý The options that do exist range from software-only solutions to software with hardware timestamping solutions. ÌýFor further information click here.
Ìý
How many PTP Slaves can your Grandmaster support?
Over 2000.Ìý But it depends on various settings and configurations that can increase or decrease the number of slaves that Sonoma can support.Ìý Consider the following:
1.Ìý If using a Boundary Clock, the Sonoma only interfaces with the network switch Boundary Clock.Ìý In this case the capacity is limited by the Boundary Clock switch.
2.Ìý When using a Transparent Clock, the capacity is limited by the frequency of the delay requests and the sync rate.Ìý Sonoma will be able to provide all the slaves with the Sync Packets and Announce Packets.Ìý But, there will be a limit for processing delay requests issued by the slaves.Ìý Our implementation requires about 10 microseconds to handle a delay request / response.Ìý The delay request is used to calculate the slave-to-master delay.Ìý If your network is static the delay should not change and the Sonoma will announce to the slave to use 32-second delay request interval.
Even though the slaves randomize the delay request packets, the request can come in simultaneously.Ìý What happens if delay requests show up simultaneously?Ìý In this case, the Sonoma will not issue a delay response.Ìý The slave will then randomize the delay request interval and issue the request again.Ìý Some slaves will log a notification that a delay response was not received.
Ìý
When I log into my unit from the CLI, a time string displays that does not match the current UTC. What is wrong?
This string:
ÌýÌýÌýSonoma_D12 GPS 6010-0065-000 v 2.40 - Tue Sep 19 02:19:38 UTC 2017
which is displayed immediately after login simply means that firmware 6010-0065-000 version 2.40 was released on Tuesday September 16, 2017 at 02:19:38Ìý UTC. ÌýIt has nothing to do with current UTC.
Ìý
Do I have root access to the Linux file system via the command line interface?
Yes.
Do I need to be familiar with Linux in order to use your equipment?
No. To see a list of EndRun's product commands that you can easily use,Ìýtype:
ÌýÌýÌýhelp
To get help on a particular command type "help EndRun-command-name". For example:
ÌýÌýÌýhelp gpsstat
This will show you details regarding the gpsstat command.
Ìý
Ìý
How can the default prompt be changed?
Edit the file Ìý/etc/profileÌý and modify the definition of PS1.Ìý After making the change, copy the file to the non-volatile area:
ÌýÌýÌýcp /etc/profile /boot/etc
Our security guys did a scan on the EndRun unit and found a few vulnerabilities. Is there going to be a firmware update soon to address this?
Serious vulnerabilities that cannot be mitigated with a reasonable workaround will be addressed with a new firmware update as soon as possible.Ìý For remaining vulnerabilities, please see Network Security Bulletins for mitigation steps.
Also, we recommend reading this: Best Practices to Secure Your Time Server.Ìý Taking the steps outlined in this paper will eliminate most, if not all, vulnerabilities.Ìý It was written for the Sonoma Time Servers but the same general steps apply to our other Linux-based products.
Is there a way to set a timeout for ssh sessions?
Yes.Ìý Follow these instructions:
1.ÌýÌýOpen theÌýsshd_configÌýfile for editing.
For current models (Sonoma, Meridian II, Tycho II, RTM3205) open this file:
ÌýÌýÌý/etc/ssh/sshd_config
For legacy models open this file:
ÌýÌýÌý/etc/sshd_config
2.ÌýÌýUncomment and edit the lines in sshd_config with ClientAliveInterval and ClientAliveCountMax settings as follows:
ÌýÌýÌýClientAliveInterval <session timeout in seconds>
ÌýÌýÌýClientAliveCountMax 0
3.ÌýÌýDon't forget to make the modified file persistent, by copying it to FLASH:
For current models (Sonoma, Meridian II, Tycho II, RTM3205):
ÌýÌýÌýcp -p /etc/ssh/sshd_config /boot/etc/ssh
For legacy models:
ÌýÌýÌýcp -p /etc/sshd_config /boot/etc/
4.ÌýÌýReboot the unit using this command:
ÌýÌýÌýreboot
Ìý
I am using WinSCP to upload files for upgrading and the upgrade keeps failing. What do I do?
If you are uploading via SSH, do not use WinSCP!Ìý WinSCP does not work well with a raw flash partition.Ìý We have had great success using PuTTY's pscp utility, which is executed from the Windows command line and uses the same syntax as the Linux-based scp utility.Ìý You can download pscp from .
Ìý
How can I serve time on two different networks?
You will need to configure a gateway for both the Ethernet ports.Ìý The user manual indicates that only one port can be configured with a default gateway (using the front panel or netconfig).Ìý However, with advanced routing you can configure a gateway for both ports (eth0 and eth1).Ìý You must add commands to set up static routes in theÌý/etc/rc.d/rc.MÌýstartup script. There is an easily spotted comment in the rc.MÌýfile showing where to add the commands.ÌýFor more information, read this Product NoteÌýor contact EndRun Technical Support.
Ìý
Are any products manufactured by EndRun affected by the CVE-2021-44228 Apache Log4j vulnerability?
No.Ìý Products manufactured by Endrun Technologies are not affected because none of them include any version of Apache Log4j.
How are restrictions for subnet access with SSH/SNMP and telnet achieved? For example, how do I set restriction for access to 192.168.1.0/24 subnet?
For our third-generation units such as Sonoma, Meridian II, Tycho II, Ninja, RTM3205 and e-Series Distribution Chassis run the command below to invoke interactive script:
accessconfig
Then, when prompted enter a hostname, host address or range of host addresses to be given telnet/ssh/snmp access (name, IP address or IP address range, 0 to quit).Ìý You enter:
192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0
